Abamectin (insecticide/miticide)
Abamectin is an insecticide/miticide used to control a wide range of insect pests. Abamectin belongs to IRAC Group 6, which is comprised of Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) activators within the avermectin/milbemycin class of chemistry. Abamectin is applied as a foliar spray or through drip irrigation systems and acts upon the nervous system of the pest, increasing the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and disrupting nerve signals resulting in paralysis. Abamectin provides effective broad-spectrum control of a wide range of pest species including mites, thrips, aphids, leafminers and whiteflies.
Abamectin (seed treatment)
Abamectin is a seed applied nematicide used to protect against a broad range of early season plant parasitic nematodes (microscopic round worms). Abamectin belongs to IRAC Group 6, which consists of Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) activators within the avermectin/milbemycin class of chemistry. When applied as a seed treatment, abamectin is taken up by the plant and targets the nervous system of soil-dwelling pests like nematodes and wireworms. Abamectin increases the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which disrupts nerve signals and causes paralysis. By protecting seedlings from damaging pests at crucial early-season stages, abamectin promotes strong early root growth and enhanced crop establishment.
Active ingredient
An active ingredient (A.I. ) is the chemical compound within a solution that is responsible for an intended biological or chemical effect. In other words, an active ingredient is the component of a crop protection product formulation that acts upon a target organism, like an insect or fungal pathogen. For example, an active ingredient in a fungicide may block the ability of a fungal cell to respirate, essentially cutting off the cell’s energy supply and blocking fungal spore reproduction
ADEPIDYN® technology (pydiflumetofen – fungicide)
ADEPIDYN® technology is the trademarked name for the active ingredient pydiflumetofen, a broad-spectrum foliar fungicide in FRAC Group 7, which contains Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors, or SDHIs. As part of the carboxamide class of chemistry, Adepidyn technology acts by inhibiting the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme within the mitochondria of fungal pathogens, halting energy production and leading to fungal cell death. This highly effective chemistry provides powerful residual control of a wide range of pathogens, including tar spot, frogeye leaf spot, Botrytis and Septoria, while providing plant-health benefits that increase plant efficiency and deliver higher-quality crops at harvest.
ADEPIDYN® technology (pydiflumetofen – seed treatment)
ADEPIDYN® technology is the trademarked name for the active ingredient pydiflumetofen, a broad-spectrum fungicide used in seed treatments to protect against soilborne and seedborne pathogens. This fungicide technology belongs to FRAC Group 7, which contains Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors (SDHIs). As part of the carboxamide class of chemistry, Adepidyn technology works by inhibiting the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme within fungal mitochondria, which disrupts energy production and leads to fungal cell death. When applied as a seed treatment, Adepidyn technology offers long-lasting protection from soilborne and seedborne Fusarium spp. and resultant seedling blights while supporting enhanced crop safety and plant-health benefits for improved root and shoot mass.
Aphids
Also known as greenflies or blackflies, aphids are small sap-sucking insects within the Insecta superfamily Aphidoidea. Aphids feed on many agricultural crop groups and damage plants by removing nutrients, leading to stunted plant growth, foliar damage and yield losses. Aphids also excrete honeydew and are vectors of a wide array of viruses, so aphid infestations can lead to crop disease and other subsequent loss to crop health and yield. Effective management of aphids requires an integrated pest management (IPM) approach including insecticides, cultural practices and biological controls.
Atrazine
Atrazine is a popular herbicide in HRAC Group 5 that belongs to the triazine class of chemicals. Widely used to control grass and broadleaf weeds, atrazine works by inhibiting photosynthesis in target plants, disrupting plant cells’ ability to produce energy. Known for its residual performance, atrazine is a reliable tool that helps growers secure season-long weed control.
Azoxystrobin
Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum fungicide used for both preventive and curative control of a wide range of fungal diseases. Azoxystrobin features both systemic and translaminar properties and can be applied as a foliar spray or a soil treatment. As a FRAC Group 11 fungicide, azoxystrobin belongs to the methoxy-acrylate group within the strobilurin class of fungicides, otherwise known as Qol inhibitors. For more information on this class of chemistry, see Strobilurin
Bicyclopyrone
Bicyclopyrone is a selective herbicide in HRAC Group 27, belonging to the 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor class of chemistry. Bicyclopyrone controls grass and broadleaf weeds in corn and other crops, and acts by blocking the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase enzyme in plants, which disrupts carotenoid biosynthesis and leads to plant death in target weeds. Bicyclopyrone can be included in herbicide premixes to enhance efficacy against tough-to-control weed species.
Broad-spectrum
Broad-spectrum is a term used to describe products that are effective against a wide range of organisms. For example, a broad-spectrum insecticide will control not just one but an array of different insect species, while a broad-spectrum fungicide will act on a variety of different fungal pathogens. When faced with multiple pest threats, a broad-spectrum solution helps to deliver a well-rounded defense.
Canopy
The canopy is the layer of leaves and branches formed by crops or plants, which intercept sunlight and provide shade. Dense, healthy crop canopies are crucial, formed by crop plants which intercept to maximize plant photosynthesis, suppress the growth of competing weeds and reduce soil erosion. By balancing light penetration and airflow in order to prevent disease development, proper canopy management helps growers to optimize crop yield.
Carboxamide SDHI
Carboxamide refers to a chemistry subclass within the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) group of fungicides. As a class of SDHI chemistries, carboxamides act on the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme within fungal cells to disrupt cell respiration, block energy production and inhibit fungal growth and development. While carboxamide chemistries representing the SDHI mode of action have existed since the 1960s, newer, more powerful carboxamide subgroups, such as the pyrazole carboxamides, have been developed, with the latest advancement being the introduction of molecules like ADEPIDYN® technology (pydiflumetofen) and SOLATENOL® technology (benzovindiflupyr). In the case of ADEPIDYN technology, the carboxamide chemistry is differentiated even further as a novel N-methoxy-(phenyl-ethyl)-pyrazole-carboxamide class, which helps ensures even more potency, persistence and efficacy on a broad spectrum of pathogens and diseases. For more information on SDHI chemistries, see SDHI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor).
Chlorantraniliprole
Chlorantraniliprole is a broad-spectrum insecticide in the anthranilic diamide class of chemistry, belonging to IRAC Group 28. Classified as a Ryanodine Receptor Modulator (RyR), chlorantraniliprole target pests like cutworms, grubs, wireworms, fall armyworm, and seedcorn maggot in corn and bean leaf beetle, soybean gall midge, thrips, grubs, and wireworms in soybean. Chlorantraniliprole offers long-lasting residual activity, low environmental impact and impressive efficacy against a broad spectrum of lepidopteran pests.
Crop Safety
Crop safety refers to the ability of a crop to tolerate a specific crop protection product application without adverse effects to plant health. Crop safety is essential when developing and applying pesticides to ensure that seeds receiving treatment application do not harm the germinating seed or developing seedling.
Curative
A curative product or solution is designed to treat an existing condition or infection and prevent it from spreading. For example, curative measures can be taken when a plant has already been infected with a disease, and further disease progression must be stopped.
Cyantraniliprole (insecticide)
Cyantraniliprole is a broad-spectrum insecticide in the anthranilic diamide class of chemistry, belonging to IRAC Group 28. Classified as a Ryanodine Receptor Modulator (RyR), Cyantraniliprole targets pests like caterpillars, beetles and leafminers by activating ryanodine receptors in insect muscle cells, disrupting calcium release and leading to pest paralysis and death. Cyantraniliprole is valued for its systemic properties, residual activity and its role in integrated pest management (IPM) programs.
Cyantraniliprole (seed treatment)
Cyantraniliprole is a broad-spectrum insecticide used in seed treatments to control early-season pests. Cyantraniliprole is in the anthranilic diamide class of chemistry, which belongs to IRAC Group 28. As a Ryanodine Receptor Modulator (RyR), it works by activating ryanodine receptors in insect muscle cells, disrupting calcium release and leading to paralysis and death. When applied as a seed treatment, cyantraniliprole provides reliable early-season control of both soil-dwelling and foliar pests, including wireworm, white grubs, seedcorn maggots and aphids. As a systemic insecticide, cyantraniliprole is readily taken up by emerging seedlings to deliver long-lasting residual control to support strong stand establishment and plant vigor.
Cyproconazole
Cyproconazole is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide in FRAC Group 3, belonging to the triazole class of fungicides. Classified as a sterol-inhibiting fungicide, otherwise known as a demethylation inhibiting (DMI) fungicide, cyproconazole halts fungal growth by halting the synthesis of a key component of fungal cell walls, disrupting cell integrity and ultimately leading to fungal cell death.
Deoxynivalenol (DON)
Also known as vomitoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most commonly occurring mycotoxin in grain crops like wheat, barley, oats and corn. Produced by two fungal pathogens, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, deoxynivalenol infects grain during periods of high humidity and moderate temperatures. The presence of DON in grains can lead to substantial economic losses and significant health risks for both animals and humans, and great care must be taken to prevent DON contamination both in the field and during storage
Dicamba
Dicamba is a synthetic auxin herbicide that belongs to HRAC Group 4. Primarily used for controlling broadleaf weeds, dicamba mimics natural plant hormones and disrupts cell growth, ultimately killing target weeds. Dicamba is often used in herbicide-tolerant crop systems and can be applied preemergence or post-emergence depending on the target weed and crop stage.
Difenoconazole
Difenoconazole is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide used to control a wide range of fungal diseases as either a foliar or soil-applied solution. Difenoconazole belongs to FRAC Group 3 and the triazole class of fungicides, and it is classified as a sterol-inhibiting fungicide, also known as a demethylation inhibiting (DMI) fungicide. As a sterol inhibitor, difenoconazole disrupts fungal cell membrane function and effectively halts fungal cell growth and development.
Emamectin benzoate
Emamectin benzoate is a macrocyclic lactone insecticide that belongs to IRAC Group 6. Emamectin benzoate is highly effective against lepidopteran and other chewing pests by binding to chloride channels within the insect’s nerve cells, causing a chain reaction that leads to pest mortality. Emamectin benzoate is valued for its efficacy and residual activity and is commonly used in high-value crops like cotton, vegetables and tree nuts.
Fludioxonil
Fludioxonil is a broad-spectrum contact fungicide in FRAC Group 12, belonging to the phenylpyrrole class of fungicides. Fludioxonil’s mode of action inhibits the transport of a protein kinase within fungal cells, which stops spore germination and further cell growth. Fludioxonil is used to treat a wide array of diseases like Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Alternaria.
Glyphosate
Glyphosate is a non-selective systemic herbicide that belongs to HRAC Group 9. Glyphosate works by inhibiting the EPSP synthase enzyme within plant cells, which is needed to produce amino acids. Glyphosate is effective against a wide range of annual and perennial weeds and is widely used in agriculture, particularly in glyphosate-tolerant crops.
Glyphosate-tolerant corn
Glyphosate-tolerant corn is a genetically modified crop designed to withstand applications of glyphosate herbicide. Glyphosate tolerance is achieved by inserting genes that encode glyphosate-insensitive EPSP synthase enzymes. This trait allows growers to effectively control weeds without damaging their corn crop, which improves efficiency and reduces the need for mechanical weed management.
Herbicide
A herbicide is a chemical substance used to control or kill unwanted plants (weeds). Herbicides are categorized into different HRAC groups based on their mode of action, such as disrupting photosynthesis (Group 5), amino acid synthesis (Group 9) or cell division (Group 3). Herbicides are either selective, meaning they target specific plant species, or non-selective, meaning they affect all vegetation within the application area. Along with cultural practices, herbicides play a crucial role in suppressing crop competition for sunlight, water and nutrients within the soil, therefore protecting crop yield potential.
Knockdown
Knockdown refers to the rapid control or suppression of insects, weeds or pathogens immediately following the application of a pesticide. For insecticides, knockdown refers to the rate at which target insects are incapacitated upon exposure to the chemical. For herbicides, knockdown typically applies to non-selective products like glyphosate or paraquat, which provide rapid desiccation/death of vegetation.
Lambda-cyhalothrin
Lambda-cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid insecticide that belongs to IRAC Group 3A. Lambda-cyhalothrin acts by disrupting sodium channels within nerve cells, leading to insect paralysis and death. Lambda-cyhalothrin is highly effective against a wide range of pests, and its quick knockdown and residual activity make it a reliable option for effective pest control.
Lepidopteran
Lepidopterans are a group of insects that include moths and butterflies, of which many are significant agricultural pests. Lepidopteran larvae, commonly known as caterpillars, feed on plant leaves, stems and fruit, leading to extensive crop damage. Control strategies to mitigate damage from lepidopteran pests typically include insecticides such as chlorantraniliprole (IRAC Group 28) and an integrated pest management (IPM) approach.
Mancozeb (fungicide)
Mancozeb is a multi-site fungicide that belongs to FRAC Group M03 that controls a wide range of fungal pathogens by interfering with multiple enzymatic processes in fungal pathogens. Mancozeb is particularly effective when applied preventatively, and is often used in crops like potatoes, grapes and vegetables to manage diseases like late blight, downy mildew and leaf spots.
Mancozeb (seed treatment)
Mancozeb is a multi-site fungicide used in seed treatments to control a wide range of fungal pathogens. Belonging to FRAC Group M03, mancozeb interferes with multiple enzymatic processes within target fungal pathogens, preventing spore germination and disease development. Mancozeb is particularly effective when applied preventively, and when used in a seed treatment, mancozeb provides a reliable early-season defense from soilborne and seedborne diseases like damping off and seed rot.
Mefenoxam (fungicide)
Mefenoxam is a systemic fungicide that belongs to FRAC Group 4 and targets Oomycete pathogens like Pythium and Phytophthora. Mefenoxam inhibits RNA polymerase activity within fungal cells, disrupting cell growth and reproduction. Mefenoxam offers both preventive and curative activity and is commonly used for disease management in vegetable, ornamental and turf markets and in premixes for corn and soybeans (under the name Maxim).
Mefenoxam (seed treatment)
Mefenoxam is a systemic fungicide (FRAC Group 4) used in seed treatments to protect young plants from damaging Oomycete pathogens like Pythium and Phytophthora. Mefenoxam works by inhibiting RNA polymerase activity within fungal cells, disrupting cell growth and reproduction. When applied as a seed treatment, mefenoxam is absorbed by the plant and works to safeguard seedlings from early-season disease damage. By protecting young plants from damping off and root rot, mefenoxam helps to promote uniform emergence, strong root development and improved crop establishment.
Mesotrione
Mesotrione is a selective herbicide in HRAC Group 27 that belongs to the 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor class of chemistry. Mesotrione disrupts carotenoid biosynthesis in plants, which leads to chlorophyll loss and bleaching of target weeds. Mesotrione is used to provide both preemergence and post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds in crops like corn.
Metribuzin
Metribuzin is a selective herbicide in HRAC Group 5 belonging to the 1,2,4-triazine class of chemistry, which is a photosystem II inhibitor. This class of chemistry acts by disrupting photosynthesis in target plants. Valued for its efficacy and tank-mix compatibility, metribuzin controls a wide range of broadleaf weeds and grasses and is used preemergence or post-emergence in crops like soybeans, potatoes and tomatoes.
Micro-encapsulated
Micro-encapsulation is a specific type of formulation technology, in which active ingredients are enclosed in a protective outer coating, or capsule. This specialized micro-encapsulation process enhances product stability, reduces exposure risk and provides controlled release of pesticides over time. Micro-encapsulated formulations are especially useful for herbicides and insecticides to ensure consistent performance and reduced environmental impact.
Modes of action
Also known as a mechanism of action, a mode of action is a specific biochemical interaction between a target organism and the chemistry working against it. A mode of action describes how a product’s chemistry binds to a molecular target, such as an enzyme or receptor, within a target organism. For example, SDHI fungicides act upon the succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) complex within the mitochondrial respiratory chain of target pathogens, blocking cell respiration and effectively shutting down energy production in fungal cells.
Oxathiapiprolin (fungicide)
Oxathiapiprolin is a fungicide designed to control Oomycete pathogens like Phytophthora and downy mildew, and belongs to FRAC Group 49. Oxathiapiprolin disrupts lipid homeostasis in fungal cells, which leads to cell death. Known for its exceptional activity and long-lasting residual control, oxathiapiprolin is commonly used in vegetable, fruit, and ornamental markets to protect plants from difficult diseases.
Oxathiapiprolin (seed treatment)
Oxathiapiprolin is a fungicide in FRAC Group 49 used in seed treatments to provide targeted control of Oomycete pathogens like Phytophthora and Pythium. Oxathiapiprolin works by disrupting lipid homeostasis in target fungal cells, ultimately causing cell death and preventing disease development. When applied as a seed treatment, oxathiapiprolin delivers long-lasting residual protection from seedborne and soilborne Oomycete diseases. Its high potency and extended residual activity help prevent diseases like damping off, root rot and seedling blights, promoting better emergence, stronger stands and improved early-season plant vigor.
Paraquat
Paraquat is a fast-acting, non-selective herbicide in HRAC Group 22. Paraquat disrupts photosynthesis in plants and causes rapid desiccation and death of plant tissue. Paraquat is often used as a burndown herbicide before planting and requires careful handling due to its toxicity.
Picarbutrazox (PCBX – fungicide)
Picarbutrazox (PCBX) is a fungicide that targets Oomycete pathogens like Pythium, Phytophthora and powdery mildew. Picarbutrazox inhibits the mitochondrial complex II enzyme within fungal cells, disrupting energy production and leading to cell death. Picarbutrazox provides both preventive and curative activity and is valued as an effective tool in managing resistant pathogens in agricultural crops because it has no cross-resistance with existing Oomycete chemistries as a novel mode of action.
Picarbutrazox (PCBX – seed treatment)
Picarbutrazox (PCBX) is a seed treatment fungicide in FRAC Group U17 that provides targeted control of Oomycete pathogens like Pythium and Phytophthora. Picarbutrazox inhibits the mitochondrial complex II enzyme within target fungal cells, disrupting energy production and ultimately leading to cell death. When applied as a seed treatment, picarbutrazox delivers long-lasting protection against seedborne and soilborne Oomycete diseases. With a novel mode of action and no cross-resistance to existing Oomycete chemistries, picarbutrazox is a helpful tool for resistance management and helps promote strong early-season crop establishment.
Plant health
Plant health is an overarching term that refers to the overall wellbeing of plant crops, taking into account several factors including a plant’s ability to properly take up and use nutrients or water, defend against pests and disease or adapt to changing environmental conditions. Healthy plants are more resilient to both biotic and abiotic stressors, require fewer crop inputs and ultimately produce more yield.
Post-emergence
Post-emergence refers to the timing of a pesticide application after weeds have germinated and emerged from the soil. Post-emergence herbicides like dicamba (HRAC Group 4) or glyphosate (HRAC Group 9) are applied directly to actively growing weeds, so post-emergence applications require careful timing to maximize efficacy and minimize crop injury.
Preemergence
Preemergence refers to the timing of a pesticide application before weeds germinate and emerge from the soil. Preemergence herbicides like mesotrione (HRAC Group 27) or metribuzin (HRAC Group 5) form a protective barrier over the soil that inhibits weed seed germination, and preemergence applications are critical for effective early-season weed management in crops like corn and soybeans.
Premix
A premix is a combination of two or more active ingredients with complementary modes of action , designed to broaden the spectrum of pest control, improve efficacy and simplify the application process of crop protection inputs. By combining active ingredients and modes of action from different HRAC, IRAC or FRAC groups, premixes help growers to manage resistance in weeds, insects and diseases while reducing the need for tank mixing.
Preventive
A preventive product or solution is designed to prevent an undesirable event or effect from happening. In other words, preventive measures are taken to stop something before it occurs. For example, applying a fungicide before conditions are favorable for disease development would be considered a preventive treatment.
Propiconazole
Propiconazole is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide in FRAC Group 3, belonging to the triazole class of fungicides. Classified as a sterol-inhibiting fungicide, otherwise known as a demethylation inhibiting (DMI) fungicide, propiconazole halts fungal growth by halting the synthesis of a key component of fungal cell walls, disrupting cell integrity and ultimately leading to fungal cell death.
Pyrethroid
Pyrethroids are a class of synthetic insecticides that mimic the chemical structure and mode of action of pyrethrins, or natural insecticides derived from chrysanthemum flowers. Pyrethroids belong to IRAC Group 3A and act on target insects by disrupting sodium channels in nerve cells, leading to paralysis and death. Pyrethroids like lambda-cyhalothrin and tefluthrin are commonly used for their broad-spectrum activity and fast knockdown.
Pyroxasulfone
Pyroxasulfone is a preemergence herbicide that belongs to HRAC Group 15. Pyroxasulfone inhibits very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis in plant cells, which is necessary for cell membrane production. Pyroxasulfone offers long-lasting residual control and is effective against a wide range of small-seeded broadleaf weeds and annual grasses and is commonly used in crops like corn, soybeans and wheat.a
Rainfastness
Rainfastness is the ability of a product to withstand rain and moisture, often referring to the amount of time it takes for a product to dry or absorb into plant tissue after application. If a product is rainfast or has excellent rainfastness, you can rest assured that it will not be washed off by rain and will remain adhered to the surface it was applied to. However, rainfastness varies from product to product, and it is imperative that users consult the product label for guidance on proper application timing and weather considerations to ensure rainfastness. In general, it’s a good rule of thumb to not apply a fungicide when rainfall is expected shortly afterwards, allowing ample time for products to dry or absorb into plant tissue. Please consult product labels for more detailed information.
Replant
A replant refers to the process of sowing a crop again after the initial planting failed to establish successfully, often due to adverse weather, pest damage or poor germination. Replanting involves assessing several factors, like remaining plant population, potential yield loss and economic viability to optimize production.
Residual control
Residual control refers to the ability of a product to remain effective and continue working after the initial product application date. The length of a product’s residual control, or its residual strength, will vary depending on several factors, such as product formulation (liquid, dust, etc.), environmental conditions and the type of surface on which the product is applied. For example, a fungicide with excellent residual control will remain active for months and can help to control successive generations of pathogens.
SDHI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor)
An SDHI, or a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, is a class of fungicides that target the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme complex in fungal cells. Belonging to FRAC Group 7, SDHI fungicides work similarly to FRAC Group 11 fungicides, blocking cell respiration and halting the production of energy within fungal cells. SDHI chemistries stop fungal growth and development, leading to fungal cell death.
Sedaxane
Sedaxane is a fungicide in FRAC Group 7 that belongs to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) class. Sedaxane acts by inhibiting the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme within the mitochondria of fungal pathogens, halting energy production and leading to fungal cell death. Today, sedaxane is used in seed treatment formulations to protect crops like corn, soybeans and cereals from soilborne diseases like Rhizoctonia.
Sites of action
Sites of action are the specific biological processes or enzymes targeted within an insect, weed or pathogen by a pesticide. Herbicides, insecticides and fungicides are categorized into HRAC, IRAC and FRAC groups based on their sites of action. Understanding these groups and the method in which each chemical works on a target pest helps growers manage resistance and select complementary modes of action for more effective pest control.
S-metolachlor
S-metolachlor is a selective preemergence herbicide that belongs to HRAC Group 15. S-metolachlor inhibits very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis in weeds, which disrupts early seedling growth. S-metolachlor is commonly used in crops like corn, soybeans and cotton to control annual grass and small-seeded broadleaf weeds. S-metolachlor is valued for its residual activity, helping to reduce weed competition during critical early growth stages.
SOLATENOL® technology (Benzovindiflupyr)
SOLATENOL® technology is the patented brand name for benzovindiflupyr, a broad-spectrum fungicide in FRAC Group 7. As part of the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) class of chemistry, SOLATENOL technology inhibits the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme within fungal cells, disrupting energy production and leading to cell death. SOLATENOL technology provides both preventive and curative control of major foliar diseases and plant-health benefits in crops like soybeans, wheat and corn.
Strobilurin
Strobilurins are a group of popular fungicide compounds first developed in 1996 and derived from naturally occurring fungal isolates. Now the most widely used fungicide group in the world, strobilurins are members of FRAC Group 11 and 11A. Known as quinol oxidation inhibitor (QoI) fungicides, strobilurins bind to fungal complexes and block electron transport within the pathogen, effectively stopping spore germination and halting fungal growth.
Tank Mix
Tank mixing is the practice of combining two or more pesticides, fertilizers, or other agricultural inputs in a single spray solution. Tank mixing allows growers the flexibility to address multiple pest challenges at once, including weeds, insects and diseases. Please follow all label instructions and perform proper compatibility testing to ensure both the effectiveness and safety of tank mix solutions.
Tefluthrin
Tefluthrin is a soil-applied pyrethroid insecticide that belongs to IRAC Group 3A. Tefluthrin works by disrupting sodium channels in insect nerve cells, causing paralysis and death. Primarily used to control soil-dwelling pests like corn rootworm and wireworm, tefluthrin features vapor action that allows it to protect crops more effectively by targeting pests close to the root zone.
Test weight
Often used as a grain quality indicator, test weight is a measure of density (mass/volume) in several agricultural crops, most often represented in pounds per bushel. Test weights tend to decrease as grain quality deteriorates, so higher test weights normally indicate higher quality grain.
Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole is a systemic fungicide belonging to FRAC Group 1 and the benzimidazole class of fungicides. As a ß-tubulin inhibitor, thiabendazole disrupts fungal cell growth and division and can also impair cell uptake of glucose. This broad-spectrum fungicide is used to control a wide array of diseases in agricultural crops.
Thiamethoxam (insecticide)
Thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide that belongs to IRAC Group 4A, and is classified as a neonicotinoid. Thiamethoxam targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in insects, which disrupts their nervous system and causes paralysis and death. Thiamethoxam provides broad-spectrum control of sucking and chewing pests in a wide range of crops, and its systemic properties enable uptake through the plant for long-lasting protection.
Thiamethoxam (seed treatment)
Thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide used in seed treatments to protect seeds and seedlings from early-season pest threats. Belonging to IRAC Group 4A, thiamethoxam is classified as a neonicotinoid, which affects the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors within target pests. This disrupts the nervous system function and leads to paralysis and death. When applied as a seed treatment, thiamethoxam is absorbed by the developing plant and delivers reliable early-season protection against an array of chewing and sucking pests. Thiamethoxam’s systemic activity provides extended residual control to help support strong early-season crop establishment and plant vigor.
Trifloxysulfuron-sodium
Trifloxysulfuron-sodium is a selective herbicide that belongs to HRAC Group 2, classified as an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium prevents amino acid biosynthesis in target plants, which leads to stunted growth and plant death. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium is effective for post-emergence control of both broadleaf and grassy weeds in crops like cotton and sugarcane, and is often used as part of resistance management programs.
Two-pass program
A two-pass program is a weed management strategy that consists of applying herbicides twice during a crop’s growing season. The first pass is typically preemergence, followed by post-emergence. This two-pass approach helps growers to maximize weed control, minimize crop competition in the field and manage herbicide resistance by combining products with different modes of action. Two-pass programs are commonly used in corn and soybean production systems.
Weed Resistance
Weed resistance arises due to the process of natural selection. Weed resistance refers to the phenomenon that occurs when a weed develops the ability to survive conditions that others of the same species could not previously survive. For instance, a weed population that was previously controlled by a certain herbicide chemistry can begin to develop resistance, and can no longer be controlled effectively by the same chemistry. Weed resistance occurs after the repeated use of herbicides with the same site of action, so integrated weed management practices like rotating modes of action and using cultural controls are key to managing weed resistance.
Yield
Yield refers to the total amount of a crop harvested per unit area, usually measured in bushels per acre or tons per hectare. Factors that influence yield include seed genetics, agronomic practices, pest control and environmental conditions, so maximizing a crop’s yield potential requires a strategic combination of proper management practices and input optimization.
Zeon™ technology
Zeon™ technology is a proprietary micro-encapsulation formulation system designed to enhance the safety, efficacy and longevity of certain insecticides. Zeon technology encapsulates the active ingredient in a protective polymer shell, ensuring its controlled release and extended residual activity. Additionally, Zeon technology is designed to reduce exposure risks and improve handling for applicators and operators.